Properties allow you to give your products filterable information. They also serve as the basis for generating variants. You can create various properties and assign them options - for example the property Size with the options XS, S, M, L, XL and XXL.
You can find the module under Catalogues > Properties.
ThemeWare® tip: With ThemeWare® you can show your products' properties as a clear table – below the product description or in a separate tab.
Further information
Please find more information regarding "Properties" in the official Shopware documentation:
Shopware documentation: Properties